From [HERE] The North Carolina General Assembly voted yesterday, June 23, 2020, in overwhelmingly bipartisan fashion to expand the immunity protections that it created last month in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. House Bill 118 (HB 118) expands immunity for all COVID-19 infection claims arising out of ordinary negligence to all businesses and persons, very broadly defined. Previously, on May 2, 2020, the General Assembly passed Senate Bill 704(SB 704), which limited immunity protection to healthcare “providers” and “facilities,” “essential businesses” and “emergency response entities” with the protection for businesses and emergency response entities further limited to claims by employees and customers. The limited reach of that protection was revisited by the General Assembly in HB 118 and greatly expanded. 

This Client Alert explains HB 118 and how it expands civil immunity to all “person[s]” against all infection claims during the ongoing pandemic, building significantly upon the earlier, more limited grant of immunity provided in SB 704. 

We previously provided an Alert on SB 704. Like SB 704, HB 118 passed in overwhelmingly bipartisan fashion, passing the Senate 40-7 and the House 110-5, and is expected to become law subject to the Governor’s authority to veto it. HB 118, entitled “An Act to Provide Limited Immunity From Liability for Claims Based on Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19),” does not supplant SB 704, but compliments and expands its protections mainly by providing an immunity shield to a much broader and, essentially, all-encompassing category of persons, businesses and claims. 

Specifically, HB 118 provides that “no person shall be liable for any act or omission that does not amount to gross negligence, willful or wanton conduct, or intentional wrongdoing.” The definition of “person” includes all natural persons and every type of legal entity.[1] While SB 704 provided that same protection against negligence lawsuits, the protection was limited to healthcare “providers,” “facilities,” “essential businesses,” and “emergency response entities,” and for businesses to claims by “employees” or “customers.” HB 118 applies to all of the entities to which SB 704 applied and more. 

The immunity under both laws, however, is limited to ordinary negligence and will not shield persons or businesses from claims or acts arising out of gross negligence, willful or wanton conduct, or intentional wrongdoing. Although HB 118 does not define these terms, North Carolina courts have defined “gross negligence” as “wanton conduct done with conscious or reckless disregard for the rights and safety of others.” Suarez ex rel. Nordan v. Am. Ramp Co., 831 S.E.2d 885, 893 (2019) (quotation omitted). In lay terms, all businesses and persons have a liability shield if they make a negligent mistake, i.e., we all are protected if we make a mistake, but not if we make a really stupid mistake. If we make a really stupid mistake or worse, we lose the protection. These issues and what conduct will eliminate protection against liability are sure to be addressed in COVID-19 related litigation, which has begun and is likely to continue for some time.